World Obesity Day was celebrated on 4 March 2024, a “chronic progressive and relapsing disease even when, in the initial stages, it is not associated with any complications” (Italian Ministry of Health).

And, if the data in this regard are alarming, the good news comes from the World Health Organization: obesity is treatable and above all preventable.

It is certainly impressive to observe the numbers that have almost tripled since 1980 and to consider that the estimated number of obese people in the world is almost one billion. The situation in Italy? About 10% are obese with an estimated 25 million overweight people, in what is the cradle of the Mediterranean diet and quality nutrition. Younger people are not excluded, with worrying data regarding childhood obesity. Young people, attracted by the consumption of so-called junk food and often alcohol, are not interested in consuming vegetables and fruit in their dietary routine.

“The Mediterranean diet, unfortunately, has been abandoned by Italy, as well as by Greece and Spain, which are the cradle of this diet. Paradoxically, the countries of Northern Europe are instead adhering to it in a very impressive manner and we can see the results in terms of obesity – which is much more frequent in our population than that of Northern Europe”: this was stated by Stefania Maggi, president of the Foundation Mediterranean Diet and Cnr research director.

Heart disease, type 2 diabetes, some tumors, dementia and skeletal and joint problems are pathologies caused by a serious accumulation of fat and obese patients are not always informed about the risks of their condition. Less than half also receive appropriate advice on the diet to undertake.

If the numerical data do not comfort us, the WHO itself specifies how obesity is preventable with a fundamental role entrusted to its most precious ally: the Mediterranean diet, which must be (re)put on the table. Referring to the simple principles of his food pyramid promotes weight control, with positive implications for the health of the heart and nervous system, for the prevention of cancer and chronic diseases, and in the prevention and control of diabetes.

A correct approach to obesity must necessarily consider multiple factors: in fact, it is not only a personal responsibility but can also depend on other aspects, including education, training, personal income (“junk” food costs less than to healthier foods), aggressive advertising marketing, incorrect and simple food labelling. The task of our Foundation is, therefore, to protect the health of consumers through correct and widespread information.

It is useful to know that the best method to lose weight is to follow a healthy diet based on a reduced caloric intake (choice of foods, cooking methods, little salt, etc.), accompanied by regular physical activity (at least 30 minutes, at least 3-5 times the week).

Undertaking training courses on nutrition, starting from schools, represents an essential element in the primary prevention strategy, through the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among the young generations, and food education as a curricular subject is a primary objective of the Foundation Mediterranean diet.